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Difficulties Encountered in Teaching English as a Second Language


With the current state of global communications, it cannot be denied that learning English as a second language is a leading forerunner. It is easily the language of choice in most countries of the world. This is because of the fact that most of the developed countries have English as their primary language. Therefore, if one who is a non-native English speaker wishes to join the global exchange of information and business transactions, it is very important to learn English as a second language. The English language can be said in many respects to bring the world together. However, in spite of the large number of individuals expressing interest to learning English as a second language, teachers still encounter various difficulties in teaching English as a second language such as:
  • Attitude. Many non-English speakers all over the world are intimidated by Western culture. This is partly because of the colonial history of the UK and the United States when they imposed aspects of their culture to their subjects. In addition, the development and prosperity often associated with the West has made many natives have an innate intimidation of learning the English language.

  • Pronunciation. This is one of the biggest challenges faced by English teachers for individuals learning English as a second language. This is due to the fact that the English language has many characteristic features that are not present in other languages, making it difficult for non-native English speakers to integrate pronunciation and vocal patterns into their own speech.

  • Grammar. English as a language does have its own set of complicated rules and regulations, making it a tough language to master. This can also be attributed to the fact that these rules are markedly different from the rules of their local dialect or language. Many English learners encounter problems with these rules, making it difficult for them to understand many of the principles of English on their first or second reading. Another factor that makes things more complicated is the fact that English has many variations. For example, the Queen's English is vastly different from American English, which in turn has its own differences with Commonwealth English.

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My Experience in Taking English as a Second Language Class

        When I first arrived in the United States last year as a Japanese international student taking up a bachelor's degree in business administration, I was not fluent in speaking English and my English grammar was not very good because I only took some basic lessons in English back home in Japan. So it was a good thing that before I arrived in the U.S., I selected a university that offered many courses that were conducted in English as a second language (ESL) classes.

         So when I started in the first semester at the university, most of the classes of my subjects are conducted as ESL classes and I felt relieved that most of the students in the ESL classes were international students just like me. Moreover, I also took an additional comprehensive English as a second language training course at the university so I could further improve my English grammar, my oral and written communications of reading, writing and speaking in English, and in talking with other native born students.

        As the weeks went by, and by the time second semester had started, my courses that were conducted in ESL classes and the English as a second language course I was taking had contributed in making improvements in my English grammar, on the way I write in English, and in my written and oral English communication. Aside from learning English, there were also other benefits that I obtained in taking an ESL course such as providing extensive knowledge on a wide range of topics that are taught in English including subjects in history, literature, mathematics and science.

        Just before the second semester had ended, I had become self-sufficient in my activities because during my free time, I was able to use the public transportation, understand street signs and direction, and talk with other people in asking for directions.

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Different Terms Used in Referring to English as a Second Language

English as a second language, or ESL, is alternatively referred to as English for speakers of other languages (ESOL) and English as a foreign language (EFL). It pertains to the use and study of English done by speakers who have a different native language. ESL and its alternate names have been associated with the teaching and learning of English.

  • Terms in the Teachers' Perspective – English language teaching or ELT is the term which is widely used when the subject is referred to in the teachers' perspective. ELT is commonly used in English language teaching divisions of large publishing firms and in teacher training among others. TESL which is teaching English as a second language, TESOL which is teaching English to speakers of other languages and TEFL which is teaching English as a foreign language are also other terms in usage.

  • Terms in the Students' or Learners' Perspective – Aside from the various terms being used in referring to English as a second language, there are more terms being used in the field of ESL. They include EAL or English as an additional language, EIL or English as an international language, ELF or English as a lingua franca, ESP which is English for special purposes or English for specific purposes and EAP which is English for academic purposes. Lingua franca means working language, bridge language or vehicular language. Students learning English are referred to as ELL which means English language learner, LEP meaning limited English proficiency and CLD to mean culturally and linguistically diverse.

The various abbreviations and acronyms used in the area of English teaching and learning can cause confusion. As a language, English has a great reach and influence; learning and teaching English is done because of numerous varied necessities. English is taught to learners who want to live in English speaking countries and those who have no plans whatsoever.

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